Population
Age Dependency Ratio
Old-age dependency ratio is the number of persons aged 65 years and over per hundred persons aged 15 - 64 years; or the number of persons aged 65 years and over per hundred persons aged 20 - 64 years. The child dependency ratio is defined as the number of persons aged below 15 years per hundred persons aged 15-64 years; or the number of persons aged below 20 years per hundred persons aged 20-64 years.
Age-Specific Death Rate
Age-Specific Death Rate refers to the number of deaths per thousand population for a specific age group.
Age-Specific Divorce Rate
Age-specific divorce rate refers to the number of divorces and annulments granted within a specific age group during the year, out of every thousand married population in the same age group.
Age-Specific Fertility Rate
Refers to the number of live-births to females in a particular age group, per thousand females in that age group during the period.
Age-Specific Marriage Rate
Age-specific marriage rate refers to the number of marriages registered within a specific age group during the year, out of every thousand unmarried population in the same age group.
Age-Standardised Death Rate
The Age-standardised Death Rate (ADR) is a summary indicator of mortality that removes the effects of variations in the age structure of the population over time. ADR is derived by multiplying the age-specific death rates of the reference population by the proportion of the corresponding age group out of a 'standard' population.
Annulments
Annulments refer to invalidation of marriages granted under the Women's Charter. Parties whose marriage has been annulled are conferred the status of never having been married to each other.
Citizenship by Descent
Citizenship by Descent refers to citizenships granted to children born overseas to at least one Singaporean parent.
Completion Rate
Completion rate (Education) refers to the proportion of the population who has attained a particular level of qualification.
Crude Birth Rate
Crude birth rate (CBR) refers to the number of live-births to the population in the year per thousand population.
Crude Death Rate
Crude death rate (CDR) refers to the number of deaths per thousand population.
Crude Divorce Rate
Crude divorce rate refers to the number of divorces and annulments granted in the year per thousand population.
Crude Marriage Rate
Crude marriage rate refers to the number of marriages registered in the year per thousand population.
Deaths
All deaths occurring within Singapore and its territorial waters as registered under the prevailing Registration of Births and Deaths Act in force at the material time, and are compiled based on date of registration.
Divorces
Divorces comprise civil divorces under the Women's Charter and Muslim divorces under the Administration of Muslim Law Act. Separations that do not confer on the parties the right to re-marry are not covered.
Ethnic Group
Ethnic group is obtained from administrative sources and as declared by the person. The population is classified into the following four categories, namely Chinese, Malays, Indians and Other Ethnic Groups. Chinese refers to persons of Chinese origin such as Hokkiens, Teochews, Cantonese, Hakkas, Hainanese, Foochows, Henghuas, Shanghainese, Hockchias, etc. Malays include persons of Malay or Indonesian origin, such as Javanese, Boyanese, etc. Indians include persons of Indian, Pakistani, Bangladeshi or Sri Lankan origin such as Tamils, Malayalees, Hindis, Sikhs, etc. Other Ethnic Groups comprise all persons other than Chinese, Malays and Indians. They include Eurasians, Caucasians, Fillipinos, Burmese, Arabs, Thais etc.
Ever-Married Females
Ever-married females refer to females who have been married before and are currently married, widowed, or divorced/separated.
First Marriage
First marriage is a marriage in which neither the groom nor bride had previously been married.
Floor Area of Residence
Floor area of residence refers to the total floor area of the residential dwelling unit of which the residents/households are living in and may also include areas such as planter box and aircon ledge.
General Divorce Rate
Refers to the number of divorces and annulments granted to married persons aged 20 years and over during the year, out of every thousand married population in the same age group.
General Marriage Rate
Refers to the number of marriages registered among persons aged 15-49 years during the year, out of every thousand unmarried population in the same age group.
Gross Reproduction Rate
Gross reproduction rate refers to the average number of daughters a woman would have over her lifetime, under the assumptions that (i) she experiences the age-specific fertility rates prevailing during the reference period and (ii) she survives to the end of her childbearing years.
Highest Qualification Attained
Highest Qualification Attained (HQA) refers to the highest grade or standard a person has passed or the highest level where a vocational/skill certificate, diploma, or degree is awarded. This is achieved either through full-time or part-time study in a structured educational programme. The Singapore Standard Educational Classification (SSEC) is used to classify persons by HQA.
Household Reference Person
The household reference person may refer to the oldest member, the main income earner, the owner-occupier of the house, the person who manages the affairs of the household, or the person who supplied the information pertaining to other members. Prior to Census of Population 2020, survey respondents were asked to identify the 'head of household'. The identified person is used as the reference person to determine relationships between household members. In Census of Population 2020, the term 'head of household' has been replaced with 'household reference person'.
Household Size
Refers to the total number of members in the household, including domestic workers.
Infant Mortality Rate
Infant mortality rate refers to the number of death of persons under one year of age per thousand live-births.
Life Expectancy
Life expectancy is the average number of additional years a person at a specific age (such as at birth or age 65 years) could expect to live, if he or she were to experience the age-specific mortality rates of the reference period throughout his/her life. For example, a new-born with a life expectancy at birth of 80 years could expect to live to the age of 80 years. A 65-year-old with a life expectancy at age 65 years of 12 years could expect to live an additional 12 years. Life expectancy does not account for future changes in mortality. While it provides an indication of the average longevity of the population, it does not necessarily reflect the longevity of an individual.
Literacy Rate
Literacy rate refers to the proportion of population who are able to read with understanding (e.g. a newspaper). It is derived based on information as reported in household surveys, as well as administrative data. Persons whose literacy is not known from surveys or administrative records are excluded from the computation of literacy rate.
Live-Births
Data refer to all live births occurring within Singapore and its territorial waters as registered under the prevailing Registration of Births and Deaths Act in force at the material time.
Marital Status
Marital status refers to a person's conjugal status in relation to the marriage laws or customs in Singapore.
Single: This refers to persons who have never been married.
Married: This refers to persons who are legally married or married according to customary rites.
Widowed: This refers to persons whose spouses are deceased and have not remarried.
Divorced/Separated: This refers to persons whose marriages have been legally dissolved, or persons who have been legally separated or estranged from their spouses and who have not remarried.
Marriages
Total marriages comprise civil marriages registered under the Women's Charter and Muslim marriages registered under the Administration of Muslim Law Act. Data exclude civil marriages which were contracted overseas or under religious and customary rites, and were subsequently registered in Singapore in the reference year.
Maternal Mortality Ratio
Maternal mortality ratio refers to the number of maternal deaths per hundred thousand live births. Maternal mortality refers to deaths of mothers owing to deliveries and complications arising from pregnancy, childbirth and puerperium.
Mean Years of Schooling
Mean years of schooling refers to the years of education a person received on average.
Natural Increase
Natural increase refers to the number of live-births in excess of the number of deaths.
Neonatal Mortality Rate
Neonatal mortality rate refers to the number of neonatal deaths per thousand live-births. Neonatal deaths refers to deaths of persons under 28 days of age.
Net Reproduction Rate
Net reproduction rate (NRR) is a refinement of the Gross reproduction rate (GRR), and is a measure of replacement of population. It refers to the average number of daughters a woman would have over her lifetime, under the assumptions that she experiences (i) the age-specific fertility rate and (ii) the age-specific mortality rate prevailing during the reference period.
To achieve population replacement, the NRR should be at least 1.0. This means that on average, each woman gives birth to at least one daughter who survives to reproductive age, ensuring that the female population is replaced from one generation to the next.
Non-Resident Population
Non-resident population comprises foreigners who were working, studying or living in Singapore but not granted permanent residence. It excludes tourists and short-term visitors.
Number of Children Born
Number of children born refers to all live-born children each woman aged 15 years and over has ever given birth to. It includes those children who are currently staying with her, those who have set up their own homes and those who are no longer living.
Old-Age Support Ratio
Old-age support ratio is the number of persons aged 15 - 64 years per person aged 65 years and over; or the number of persons aged 20 - 64 years per person aged 65 years and over.
Overseas Citizens
Overseas Singaporeans are defined as Singapore citizens with a registered foreign address or who are away for a cumulative period of at least 6 months in the past 12 months prior to the reference date (i.e. end-June each year). This would include frequent travellers who have their usual residence in Singapore but travel overseas for the greater part of the reference period.
Perinatal Mortality Rate
Perinatal mortality rate refers to the number of perinatal deaths per thousand live-births and still-births. Perinatal deaths refers to still-births and deaths of persons under 7 days of age.
Rate of Natural Increase
Rate of natural increase is natural increase divided by the mid-year population of the reference year, expressed as per thousand population.
Remarriage
Remarriage is a marriage in which the groom and/or bride had previously been married.
Resident Population
Resident population comprises Singapore citizens and permanent residents. The latter group refers to non-citizens who have been granted permanent residence in Singapore.
Residential Status
Singapore citizens and permanent residents are classified as Singapore residents or the resident population. Permanent residents refer to non-citizens who have been granted permanent residence in Singapore. The non-resident population comprised foreigners who were working, studying or living in Singapore but not granted permanent residence, excluding tourists and short-term visitors.
Sex Ratio
Sex ratio refers to the number of males per thousand females in the population.
Singapore Residents
Singapore residents comprises Singapore citizens and permanent residents. The latter group refers to non-citizens who have been granted permanent residence in Singapore.
Total Fertility Rate (TFR)
Total fertility rate refers to the average number of live-births each female would have during her reproductive years if she were subject to the prevailing age-specific fertility rates in the population in the given year.
Total Population
Total population comprises Singapore residents (i.e Singapore citizens and permanent residents) and non-residents.
Type of Dwelling
A dwelling refers to a building or part of a building used or intended to be used by one or more persons as living quarters. Each dwelling has its own separate entrance with direct access to a public road or pathway. A dwelling may be a residential building by itself, or a unit in a residential building, or part of a non-residential building such as a shop or factory with space used as living quarters. Dwellings are broadly classified into the three categories: Housing and Development Board (HDB) properties, condominiums and other apartments, and landed properties. For data from 2012, the Singapore Standard Classification of Type of Dwelling (Jan 2012) is used to classify the type of dwelling.
Under-5 Mortality Rate
Under-5 mortality rate refers to the probability of a new-born in a specified reference period dying before reaching the age of 5, if subject to age-specific mortality rates of that reference period. This indicator is derived from a life table and expressed as the number of deaths per thousand live-births.